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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
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Weighted Mean00:57

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The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory system. It's a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are:
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Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

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Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Can Differentiate between Malignant and Benign Pleural Diseases.

Katsuo Usuda1, Shun Iwai2, Aika Funasaki3

  • 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan. usuda@kanazawa-med.ac.jp.

Cancers
|June 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) effectively distinguishes malignant pleural mesothelioma from benign pleural conditions. DWI

Keywords:
diffusion-weighted imagingempyemamagnetic resonance imagingmalignant pleural mesotheliomapleural disseminationpleural effusion

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Oncology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utility in pleural disease assessment remains unclear.
  • Differentiating malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) from other pleural pathologies is clinically significant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in differentiating MPM from lung cancer pleural dissemination, empyema, and pleural effusion.
  • To assess the diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and diffusion patterns in pleural diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was performed with b values of 0 and 800 s/mm².
  • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured for 11 MPMs, 10 lung cancer pleural disseminations, 10 empyemas, and 12 pleural effusions.
  • Diffusion patterns on DWI were analyzed qualitatively.

Main Results:

  • MPM (1.22 ± 0.25 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) and lung cancer dissemination (1.31 ± 0.49 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) showed significantly lower ADC values compared to empyema (2.01 ± 0.45 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) and pleural effusion (3.76 ± 0.62 × 10⁻³ mm²/s).
  • MPMs exhibited strong continuous diffusion, while lung cancer disseminations showed strong scattered or continuous diffusion.
  • Empyemas demonstrated weak continuous diffusion, and pleural effusions showed no decreased diffusion.

Conclusions:

  • DWI provides valuable morphological and qualitative information for evaluating pleural diseases.
  • DWI, particularly ADC values and diffusion patterns, can reliably differentiate between malignant and benign pleural conditions.