Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

36.8K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
36.8K
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

38.0K
The Concept of Multiple Allelism
38.0K
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

741
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
741
Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

940
Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
940
Cognition and Behavior01:23

Cognition and Behavior

311
Social psychology examines the complex interplay between individual mental processes and social interactions. Historically, the field was divided into two domains: social behavior and social cognition. Researchers focusing on social behavior analyzed actions within social contexts, such as conformity, aggression, or cooperation. Meanwhile, social cognition researchers investigated how people perceive, interpret, and mentally represent their social environments. However, modern perspectives no...
311
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

1.1K
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-Term Ravulizumab Efficacy and Safety in AQP4 Antibody-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Final CHAMPION-NMOSD Results.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2026
Same author

Modulation of the immunological and neuroinflammatory microenvironment in older people with multiple sclerosis.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

From options to decisions: an innovative model for treatment sequencing in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Journal of medical economics·2026
Same author

Efficacy and Safety of Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Switching to Ocrelizumab Due to Suboptimal Treatment Response: Results of the 4-Year CASTING-LIBERTO Trial.

European journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Discriminating Relapsing-Remitting From Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Using Multidimensional Speech Biomarkers: An Independent Cohort Validation Study.

Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation·2026
Same author

A glial oxidative signature predicts disability in primary progressive multiple sclerosis and is associated with long-term cognitive decline.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.7K

Cognitive Dysfunctions and Assessments in Multiple Sclerosis.

Celia Oreja-Guevara1, Teresa Ayuso Blanco2, Luis Brieva Ruiz3

  • 1Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.

Frontiers in Neurology
|June 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting processing speed, attention, memory, and executive function. This review updates knowledge on MS cognitive issues, confounders, and quality of life impacts.

Keywords:
attentioncognitive dysfunctioncognitive impairmentdepressionmemorymultiple sclerosisneuropsychologyprocessing speed

More Related Videos

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.0K
A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS
08:18

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS

Published on: December 26, 2015

18.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.7K
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.0K
A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS
08:18

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS

Published on: December 26, 2015

18.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment is a significant and prevalent issue in multiple sclerosis (MS), contributing to overall disability.
  • Deficits manifest across various cognitive domains, including information processing speed, attention, memory, and executive functions.
  • Cognitive changes occur across all MS subtypes and disease phases, impacting individuals differently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise and comprehensive literature update on cognitive dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis.
  • To discuss potential confounding factors that influence cognitive assessment in MS patients.
  • To explore the relationship between cognitive impairment and quality of life in individuals with MS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent research findings.
  • Analysis of studies investigating cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis.
  • Examination of factors that may confound cognitive evaluations and impact patient-reported outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive impairment is a widespread challenge in multiple sclerosis, affecting key functions like processing speed and memory.
  • The underlying pathological processes driving cognitive decline in MS remain incompletely understood, despite observed white and gray matter alterations.
  • Standard neurological exams and self-reports may not adequately capture or accurately reflect cognitive deficits in MS.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive dysfunction is a critical aspect of multiple sclerosis that requires further investigation.
  • Accurate assessment of cognitive impairment in MS necessitates methods beyond standard neurological examinations.
  • Understanding cognitive deficits and their impact on quality of life is crucial for comprehensive MS patient care.