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Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance
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Insulin Resistance in Children.
Veronica Maria Tagi1, Cosimo Giannini1, Francesco Chiarelli1
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
Frontiers in Endocrinology
|June 20, 2019
Summary
Insulin resistance (IR) in children, linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome, increases type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk. Early diagnosis and lifestyle interventions are crucial for prevention.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Disorders
Background:
- Insulin resistance (IR) is closely linked to obesity in children and adolescents.
- It contributes to metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and elevated cardiovascular risk.
- Congenital factors, hormonal therapies, and genetic conditions can also impact insulin sensitivity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on pediatric IR.
- To cover congenital IR, pathophysiology, measurement, consequences, and treatment.
- To emphasize early diagnosis and prevention strategies for T2D.
Main Methods:
- Review of current scientific literature on pediatric insulin resistance.
- Focus on physiopathology, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic approaches.
- Discussion of congenital forms and surrogate markers for IR assessment.
Main Results:
- Obesity in children is strongly associated with IR and increased risk of T2D and metabolic syndrome.
- The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp is the gold standard for IR measurement but is impractical.
- Lifestyle interventions are primary treatments, with pharmacological options for select cases.
Conclusions:
- Early identification and intervention for IR in children are essential to prevent T2D and cardiovascular complications.
- While lifestyle changes are key, understanding various IR causes and treatments is vital.
- Further research into practical IR assessment and effective interventions is warranted.
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