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Related Concept Videos

Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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COP Coated Vesicles00:59

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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

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Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Correlation and Causation01:27

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Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation, while a direct relationship shows causation. If it is determined that no connection exists between the variables, then the correlation is a coincidence.
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Photosystem II01:22

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The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
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Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants
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Antibacterial coating of implants: are we missing something?

C L Romanò1, H Tsuchiya2, I Morelli3

  • 1Studio Medico Associato Cecca-Romanò, Milan, Italy.

Bone & Joint Research
|June 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Delayed adoption of antibacterial coatings for orthopaedic implants leads to significant increases in infections and healthcare costs. Implementing these technologies could save millions annually and improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Antibacterial coatingClassificationCostImpactInfectionJoint arthroplastyOsteosynthesisPreventionProsthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedics
  • Biomaterials
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Implant-related infections are a major cause of orthopaedic implant failure, incurring substantial socioeconomic costs.
  • Antibacterial coatings have demonstrated high efficacy in reducing post-surgical infections in preclinical and clinical studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the economic impact of delayed large-scale application of antibacterial coatings for orthopaedic implants.
  • To highlight the benefits of faster regulatory approval and reimbursement policies for these technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current evidence on antibacterial coating technologies.
  • Economic assessment calculating costs associated with infection rates with and without coatings.
  • Estimation of new infection cases and hospital costs due to delayed implementation.

Main Results:

  • A one-year delay in applying an 80% effective antibacterial coating (€600 cost) for joint arthroplasties results in an estimated 35,200 new infections in Europe.
  • This delay equates to approximately €440 million in additional annual hospital costs in Europe.

Conclusions:

  • Accelerating the adoption of antibacterial coatings can significantly reduce the burden of implant-related infections.
  • Optimized reimbursement policies and streamlined regulatory pathways are crucial for benefiting patients and healthcare systems.