Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

137.4K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
137.4K
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

9.4K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
9.4K
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

197.1K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
197.1K
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

13.7K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
13.7K
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

2.0K
Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
2.0K
Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots03:02

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

60.3K
Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
60.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Use of Osteo-Inductive 3D-Printed Scaffolds Covered with a Pleiotrophin Peptide for Bone Defects: An In Vivo Experimental Study.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Investigating the feasibility and acceptability of the TeleRehabilitation of balance clinical and economic Decision Support System (TeleRehaB DSS) in adults at risk of falls: study protocol for a multicentre clinical trial.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Pulsed-electron illumination does not reduce beam damage for imaging biological macromolecules.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Efficacy of the Shear Stress Pattern Computed in Coronary Artery Reconstruction Models With and Without Side Branches in Predicting Plaque Progression.

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology·2026
Same author

Scientific Laudatio for Professor Andreas Engel.

Journal of structural biology·2026
Same author

Structural, Mechanistic and Phylogenetic Insights Into a Freshwater Actinorhodopsin.

Journal of molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Future Directions in Biotechnological and Pharmacological Applications of CAIs.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Industrial and Environmental Applications of Carbonic Anhydrases.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Applications of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Arthritis, Neuropathic Pain, Acute Mountain Sickness, and Cerebral Ischemia.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Applications of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Neurological Disorders, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Oncology.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Therapeutic Applications of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Ophthalmology.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Isolation of Physiologically Active Thylakoids and Their Use in Energy-Dependent Protein Transport Assays
12:25

Isolation of Physiologically Active Thylakoids and Their Use in Energy-Dependent Protein Transport Assays

Published on: September 28, 2018

11.3K

Secondary Active Transporters.

Patrick D Bosshart1, Dimitrios Fotiadis2

  • 1Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|June 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Membrane transport proteins move essential molecules across cell membranes. This chapter details secondary active transporters, their alternating access model, and structural folds like MFS and LeuT, using LacY and AdiC as examples.

Keywords:
Alternating access modelAmino acid-polyamine-organocation superfamilyMajor facilitator superfamilyMembrane transporterSecondary active transporterTransport mechanismTransporter fold

More Related Videos

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
11:51

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

Published on: February 3, 2018

7.4K
Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting
10:08

Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting

Published on: December 9, 2022

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Isolation of Physiologically Active Thylakoids and Their Use in Energy-Dependent Protein Transport Assays
12:25

Isolation of Physiologically Active Thylakoids and Their Use in Energy-Dependent Protein Transport Assays

Published on: September 28, 2018

11.3K
Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
11:51

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

Published on: February 3, 2018

7.4K
Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting
10:08

Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting

Published on: December 9, 2022

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cellular life depends on the transport of solutes across biological membranes.
  • Membrane transport proteins facilitate the movement of nutrients, waste, drugs, and ions.
  • Secondary active transporters utilize gradients of one solute to move another against its gradient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the alternating access model of membrane transporters.
  • To explain the coupling mechanism of secondary active transporters.
  • To describe structural folds and substrate translocation mechanisms of specific transporters.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and structural studies on membrane transporters.
  • Introduction of the alternating access model.
  • Description of transporter superfamilies like MFS and APC.
  • Case studies of LacY (MFS) and AdiC (APC) transporters.

Main Results:

  • The alternating access model provides a framework for understanding transporter function.
  • Specific protein folds, such as MFS and LeuT, are characteristic of transporters.
  • Structural and mechanistic details of LacY and AdiC substrate transport are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane transporters are crucial for cellular homeostasis and function.
  • Understanding transporter mechanisms, structures, and folds is key to deciphering solute transport.
  • Detailed studies of individual transporters like LacY and AdiC illuminate general principles of secondary active transport.