Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

9.3K
The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
9.3K
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

5.9K
Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
5.9K
Halogens03:01

Halogens

23.4K
Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
23.4K
Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

17.8K
Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
17.8K
ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens01:24

ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens

6.6K
Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
6.6K
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

4.6K
Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Strain-Enabled Redox Chemistry of Naphthalene Peri-Dichalcogenides: Synthetic Strategies, Unusual Reactivity, Mechanistic Insights and Potential Applications.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Ligand-Tuned Mn(I) Complexes with Oxazole, Thiazole, and Selenazole Scaffolds: Synthesis and Mechanistic Insights into Light-Driven CO Release.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

A single heteroatom controls halogen- <i>versus</i> chalcogen-bond-driven cellular uptake.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

p-Benzoyl-l-phenylalanine as a Multifunctional Noncanonical Amino Acid in Synthetic Biology: Photoprobing, Photocatalysis, and Structural Programming for Biocontainment.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

From Phenols to Proteins: One-Pot Biosynthesis and Genetic Encoding of Chalcogen-Containing Tyrosine Analogues.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Chalcogen-Substituted Molecular Rotors as Polarity and Viscosity Sensors for Amyloid-β Fibril Formation and Bioimaging.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.6K

Directing Traffic: Halogen-Bond-Mediated Membrane Transport.

Vijayakumar Govindaraj1, Harinarayana Ungati1, Surendar R Jakka1

  • 1Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Adding iodine to molecules enhances their cellular uptake and regulates membrane transport. This halogen substitution offers a novel strategy for studying cell membrane traffic and improving drug delivery.

Keywords:
MCT8 transportercellular uptakefluorescent moleculeshalogenthyroid hormones

More Related Videos

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
13:16

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles

Published on: December 31, 2019

9.8K
Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding
10:32

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding

Published on: January 9, 2014

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.6K
Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
13:16

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles

Published on: December 31, 2019

9.8K
Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding
10:32

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding

Published on: January 9, 2014

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • The plasma membrane controls molecular entry into cells, with small hydrophobic molecules diffusing freely but larger ones requiring transporters.
  • Regulating the cellular entry of molecules and proteins is complex.
  • Current strategies for enhancing cellular uptake are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of halogen substitution, specifically iodine, as a novel strategy to enhance cellular uptake and regulate membrane transport.
  • To highlight the role of iodine's halogen-bonding ability in molecular transport across cell membranes.
  • To introduce iodine substitution as a tool for studying membrane activity and improving therapeutic agent delivery.

Main Methods:

  • This concept article reviews recent studies on the effects of iodine substitution on molecular transport.
  • It focuses on the principles of halogen bonding and its influence on membrane permeability.
  • The article discusses the implications of these findings for cell biology and drug delivery.

Main Results:

  • Substitution of hydrogen with iodine in small molecules and proteins significantly increases cellular uptake.
  • Iodine incorporation effectively regulates the transport of molecules across the plasma membrane.
  • The strong halogen-bonding capability of iodine is identified as a key factor in enhanced transport.

Conclusions:

  • Halogen substitution, particularly with iodine, presents a promising and efficient strategy for modulating cell membrane traffic.
  • This approach offers new avenues for investigating cellular functions and membrane dynamics.
  • Iodine-modified molecules show potential for improved therapeutic agent delivery and targeted cellular functions.