Resveratrol Suppresses Aβ-Induced Microglial Activation Through the TXNIP/TRX/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease development. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol from the Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatumand), is known to protect against neuroinflammation, but the mechanism remains unclear. To begin to explore potential mechanisms, we created a model of inflammatory injury in BV-2 murine microglial cells based on the induction of amyloid-β. We found that resveratrol (10 and 50 nM) significantly inhibited Aβ-induced proliferation and activation of BV-2 cells, as well as their release of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α. Resveratrol also suppressed the overexpression of cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β, and decreased Aβ-stimulated degradation of IkBα and phosphorylation of NF-κB phosphorylation. Western blot analysis showed that Aβ upregulated the TXNIP/TRX/NLRP3 pathway, while resveratrol treatment inhibited it. We conclude that resveratrol protects microglia from Aβ-stimulated inflammation by suppressing the inflammatory response, at least in part by inhibiting the TXNIP/TRX/NLRP3 signaling pathway.