Altered Brain Structure in Infants with Turner Syndrome
M L Davenport1, E Cornea2, K Xia2
1Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|June 20, 2019
Summary
Turner syndrome (TS) brain structure differences are present at one year of age. These neuroanatomical alterations in infants with TS suggest early developmental origins for the condition.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic condition affecting females due to X monosomy.
- TS is linked to cognitive and behavioral issues, with neuroimaging showing altered brain structure in older individuals.
- Previous studies are limited by age and potential effects of hormone therapy, leaving early developmental origins unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate brain structure in infants with Turner syndrome.
- To determine if neuroanatomical differences are present at one year of age in TS.
Main Methods:
- High-resolution structural MRI scans were acquired from 26 infants with TS at one year of age.
- Infant brains were compared to those of 47 typically developing females and 39 typically developing males.
Main Results:
- Infants with TS exhibited decreased gray matter volumes in premotor, somatosensory, and parietal-occipital cortex.
- These neuroanatomical differences mirror those observed in older individuals with TS.
- The findings indicate that the TS neuroanatomical profile is established by one year of age.
Conclusions:
- Altered brain structure in Turner syndrome is evident as early as one year of age.
- This suggests a stable phenotype with prenatal or early postnatal origins.
- Early neuroanatomical differences in TS may underlie associated cognitive and behavioral characteristics.
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