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Nephrons

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...

Bleeding in Fresh Concrete

Bleeding in Fresh Concrete

Bleeding in fresh concrete occurs when water from the mix rises to the surface. This happens because the mix's solid components fail to retain all the water as they settle, leading to separation where water collects at the top. The severity of bleeding can be measured by assessing the total settlement or by noting the decrease in height per unit height of concrete.
Bleeding can cause several issues in the concrete structure. Sometimes, the rising water gets trapped beneath large aggregate...

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

Kidney Structure

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.

Filtration and Urine Formation

Filtration and Urine Formation

The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Estimation of Nephron Number in Whole Kidney using the Acid Maceration Method

Estimation of Nephron Number in Whole Kidney using the Acid Maceration Method

Published on: May 22, 2019

My Bleeding Nephrons!

Jiemin Li¹, Sandeep Anand Padala², George Hinnant²

¹1 Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA.

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports

|June 21, 2019

Summary

Anticoagulation-related nephropathy (ARN) is a rare cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with coagulopathy. This case highlights ARN in a patient with underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) and IgA nephropathy.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Hematology
Internal Medicine

Background:

Anticoagulation-related nephropathy (ARN) is an uncommon diagnosis.
It should be considered in patients with unexplained acute kidney injury (AKI) and coagulopathy.

Keywords:

IgA nephropathy acute kidney injury anticoagulation-related nephropathy nonalcoholic steatohepatitis warfarin-associated nephropathy

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Estimation of Nephron Number in Whole Kidney using the Acid Maceration Method

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Analysis of Nephron Composition and Function in the Adult Zebrafish Kidney

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CKD is the most common risk factor for ARN.