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A tectonically driven Ediacaran oxygenation event.

Joshua J Williams1,2, Benjamin J W Mills3, Timothy M Lenton4

  • 1Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK. j.j.williams-4@sms.ed.ac.uk.

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|June 21, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atmospheric oxygen levels rose significantly during the Ediacaran Period, driven by increased carbon and sulfur burial. This rise in atmospheric oxygen likely supported the evolution of complex animal life during the subsequent Cambrian explosion.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Paleoclimatology
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Complex animal life diversification in the Cambrian Period potentially depended on Neoproterozoic oxygenation.
  • Geochemical data suggest ocean oxygenation intervals, but atmospheric oxygen (pO2) changes are uncertain.
  • Increased tectonic CO2 degassing occurred between the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic Eras.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of increased tectonic CO2 degassing on atmospheric pO2.
  • To model the relationship between Earth system carbon and sulfur throughput and atmospheric oxygen levels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a biogeochemical model to simulate Earth system processes.
  • Analyzed the effects of increased organic carbon and pyrite sulfur burial on atmospheric pO2.

Main Results:

  • The model demonstrated that increased carbon and sulfur throughput elevated organic carbon and pyrite sulfur burial rates.
  • This process led to a ~50% increase in modeled atmospheric pO2 during the Ediacaran Period.
  • The calculated pO2 reached approximately 0.25 of the present atmospheric level (PAL).

Conclusions:

  • The modeled rise in atmospheric pO2 aligns with the oxygen requirements for large, mobile animals of the Cambrian explosion.
  • Increased tectonic activity and subsequent burial rates played a crucial role in modulating atmospheric oxygen during the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic transition.