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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Malpighian tubules are specialized structures found in the digestive systems of many arthropods, including most insects, that handle excretion and osmoregulation. The tubules are typically arranged in pairs and have a convoluted structure that increases their surface area.
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The actual hypothesis testing begins by considering two hypotheses. They are termed  the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. These hypotheses contain opposing viewpoints.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Crystal Structure of the N-terminal Domain of Ryanodine Receptor from Plutella xylostella
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Crystal Structure of the N-terminal Domain of Ryanodine Receptor from Plutella xylostella

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Alternative splicing and insect ryanodine receptor.

Surajit De Mandal1, Muhammad Shakeel1, Vasantha Srinivasan Prabhakaran2

  • 1Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Creation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.

Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology
|June 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a phylogenetic tree for the ryanodine receptor (RyR) family. Maximum likelihood estimation was used to analyze evolutionary relationships among RyR proteins.

Keywords:
alternative splicingcalcium channelsevolutionary mechanismsryanodine receptorssignaling

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The ryanodine receptor (RyR) family comprises critical calcium channels involved in muscle contraction and intracellular calcium signaling.
  • Understanding the evolutionary history of RyRs is essential for deciphering their functional diversification and roles across different species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a comprehensive phylogenetic tree of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) family.
  • To elucidate the evolutionary relationships and diversification patterns within the RyR gene family.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood estimation.
  • Sequence data collection for various RyR family members across diverse taxa.
  • Tree reconstruction and statistical support assessment.

Main Results:

  • The phylogenetic tree reveals distinct clades corresponding to major RyR subfamilies.
  • Evolutionary divergence patterns suggest gene duplication events shaped the RyR family.
  • Specific RyR isoforms show conserved evolutionary trajectories.

Conclusions:

  • The constructed phylogenetic tree provides a robust framework for studying RyR evolution.
  • This evolutionary perspective aids in understanding the functional specialization of RyR channels.
  • Further research can leverage this phylogeny to investigate RyR-related diseases and functions.