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[Human mycobiome and diseases].

Xin Shen1, Yu-Fei Yao1, Ji-Yao Li2

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The human mycobiome, though small, is vital for health and disease. This review details fungal community composition, its role in various diseases, and interactions with bacteria and the host immune system.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Human Health

Background:

  • The human mycobiome constitutes less than 1% of the human microbiome.
  • Fungal communities significantly impact human health and disease states.
  • Mycobiome composition influences bacterial communities and host immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the composition of the mycobiome across various human body sites.
  • To explore the role of the mycobiome in different diseases.
  • To summarize interactions between fungi, bacteria, and the host.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mycobiome structure and composition using high-throughput sequencing.
  • Investigation of mycobiome roles in diseases.
  • Review of existing literature on fungal-bacterial and fungal-host interactions.

Main Results:

  • The mycobiome's structure and composition have been characterized in the mouth, lung, gut, vagina, and skin.
  • Fungal communities are implicated in various disease pathologies.
  • Key fungal species maintain microbial community structure and function.

Conclusions:

  • The mycobiome plays a critical role in human health and disease.
  • Understanding fungal-bacterial and fungal-host interactions is essential for comprehending the mycobiome's impact.
  • Further research into the mycobiome is warranted.