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Related Concept Videos

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

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Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
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Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

The Mouse Stroke Unit Protocol with Standardized Neurological Scoring for Translational Mouse Stroke Studies
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Statins in Stroke.

Konstantinos Aznaouridis1, Constantina Masoura1, Charalambos Vlachopoulos1

  • 11st Department of Cardiology, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Current Medicinal Chemistry
|June 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Statins help prevent ischemic stroke, particularly in high-risk patients with existing cardiovascular disease. They also improve outcomes for acute stroke patients not receiving thrombolysis.

Keywords:
Statinsatherosclerotic diseasecerebrovascular eventhemorrhagic strokeischemic strokemortalitystroke.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally.
  • Statins are widely used for cardiovascular event reduction via lipid-lowering and pleiotropic mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on statin use in stroke prevention and management.
  • To synthesize findings on statins' efficacy and safety in cerebrovascular disease.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review methodology was employed.
  • Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in major biomedical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane).

Main Results:

  • Statins show benefit in secondary stroke prevention and in primary prevention for high-risk individuals.
  • While generally safe, high-dose statins may increase hemorrhagic stroke risk in prior stroke patients.
  • Statins improve outcomes in acute stroke patients and should not be discontinued post-stroke.

Conclusions:

  • Statins are effective in preventing ischemic stroke, especially in patients with high cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis.
  • Both lipid-lowering and pleiotropic effects of statins contribute to their cerebrovascular benefits.