Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026
07:47
Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
Published on: February 15, 2013
16.2K
Recurrent Pneumococcal Meningitis in Children: A Multicenter Case-control Study.
Laura Darmaun1, Corinne Levy2,3,4,5, Marion Lagrée1,3
1From the CHU Lille, Urgences pédiatriques & maladies infectieuses, Lille, France.
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|June 21, 2019
Summary
Recurrent pneumococcal meningitis (RPM) is rare in children, occurring in 1.5% of cases. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage is a key risk factor for recurrent meningitis in pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Neurology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Pneumococcal meningitis (PM) is a significant illness with a low recurrence rate.
- Recurrent pneumococcal meningitis (RPM) presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the characteristics and risk factors associated with recurrent pneumococcal meningitis in children.
- To compare clinical features and outcomes of children with RPM versus single episodes of PM.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective multicenter case-control study.
- Data from children (≤18 years) with bacterial meningitis between 2001-2015.
- Matching RPM cases with controls experiencing a single PM episode.
Main Results:
- 1.5% of pediatric PM episodes were recurrent (24/1634).
- RPM cases showed less frequent winter seasonality and fewer ear, nose, and throat infections.
- Cerebrospinal fluid leakage was significantly more common in RPM cases (83% vs. 10%).
- No differences in mortality or neurologic outcomes were observed between groups.
Conclusions:
- Recurrent pneumococcal meningitis is a rare but significant condition in children.
- Cerebrospinal fluid leakage is a critical factor to consider in pediatric patients with recurrent meningitis.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Cranial and Spinal Meninges
3.7K
The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
3.7K
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
416
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
416
01:29Drug Dosing: Infants and Children
265
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
265
01:21Control System Problem
421
In an open-loop system, such as a basic thermostat, the poles of the transfer function influence the system's response but do not determine its stability. However, when feedback is introduced to form a closed-loop system, such as an advanced thermostat that adjusts heating based on room temperature, stability is governed by the new poles of the closed-loop transfer function.
When forming a closed-loop system, issues can arise if the poles cross into the unstable region, leading to potential...
When forming a closed-loop system, issues can arise if the poles cross into the unstable region, leading to potential...
421
02:33Combinatorial Gene Control
9.5K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
9.5K
01:10Control Systems
1.8K
Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
At the heart...
1.8K