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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

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In utero Exposure to Anesthetics Alters Neuronal Migration Pattern in Developing Cerebral Cortex and Causes Postnatal

V Gluncic1,2, M Moric1, Y Chu3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|June 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Anesthetic exposure during fetal development disrupts critical neuronal migration, leading to brain abnormalities and potential long-term neurodevelopmental issues. Caution is advised when using anesthesia during pregnancy.

Keywords:
anesthesiabehaviorbrain developmentneuronal migrationsomatosensory cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Cerebral cortical neurons migrate to their final positions during fetal development.
  • In utero exposure to certain substances can impact neurodevelopment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of in utero anesthetic exposure on fetal neuronal migration.
  • To assess potential neurodevelopmental consequences of anesthetic exposure during critical fetal periods.

Main Methods:

  • Pregnant rats were injected with bromodeoxyuridine to label fetal neurons.
  • Fetal rats were exposed to oxygen/control, propofol, or isoflurane for varying durations.
  • Histological analysis and behavioral testing were performed on offspring.
  • Protein expression of reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 was analyzed in fetal brains.

Main Results:

  • Anesthetic exposure resulted in significant neuronal migration failures, with neurons mispositioned in cortical layers and white matter.
  • Behavioral abnormalities in offspring correlated with affected brain areas during embryonic Day 17 development.
  • Exposure to isoflurane at embryonic Day 16 reduced expression of key neuronal migration proteins (reelin, GAD67).

Conclusions:

  • Anesthetics administered during fetal neuronal migration can disrupt normal brain development.
  • These disruptions may lead to observable behavioral abnormalities.
  • Further research is needed to understand the full spectrum of neurodevelopmental consequences and long-term effects.