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Updated: Jan 23, 2026
Electroporation of Craniofacial Mesenchyme
Published on: November 28, 2011
Feed and Swaddle: An Alternative to Infant Sedation for Craniofacial Imaging
Nick Esmonde1, Breanna Jedrzejewski1, Beth Fitzpatrick1
1Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Objective:
The gold standard for diagnosis of craniosynostosis is a clinical examination and motionless head computed tomography (CT). Computed tomography sedation is associated with increased cost, resource utilization, medical, and possible developmental risks. This study investigates whether a "feed and swaddle" protocol can be used to achieve diagnostic quality craniofacial imaging without the use of infant sedation.
Design:
Prospective cohort study.
Setting:
Tertiary academic medical center.
Patients:
Ninety patients <18 months of age undergoing evaluation for craniosynostosis from 2012 to 2018.
Interventions:
A feed and swaddle protocol.
Main Outcome Measures:
Diagnostic level imaging without the use of infant sedation.
Results:
Eighty-five (94%) achieved a diagnostic quality craniofacial CT scan using the "feed and swaddle" method. Mean patient age was 24.0 ± 10.0 weeks. Craniosynostosis was diagnosed in 74% of patients. Mean age of patients with successful completion of a CT scan was 23.7 ± 9.6 weeks, compared to 27.2 ± 17.1 weeks for unsuccessful completion. Mean weight for the successful group was 15.6 ± 2.9 pounds and 15.9 ± 2.5 pounds for the unsuccessful group. Mean travel distance was 59.2 ± 66.5 miles for successful patients and 66.5 ± 61.5 miles for unsuccessful patients. For the unsuccessful patients, there were no delays in surgical planning or scheduling.
Conclusion:
The "feed and swaddle" protocol described here is an effective alternative to infant sedation for motionless craniofacial CT imaging.
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