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Updated: Jan 23, 2026
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Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Published on: August 24, 2019
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Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease
Steven Cowman1,2, Jakko van Ingen3, David E Griffith4
1Host Defence Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
The European Respiratory Journal
|June 22, 2019
Summary
Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a growing health concern, especially in older adults. This review explores its causes, diagnosis, and treatment challenges, highlighting the need for better therapies.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is increasingly prevalent, particularly in the elderly.
- Risk factors include underlying lung disease, but it can also affect healthy individuals.
- Host susceptibility likely involves multiple interacting genetic, immunological, environmental, and microbiological factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on NTM-PD epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis.
- To discuss treatment strategies for NTM-PD, focusing on refractory and drug-resistant cases.
- To examine the management of *Mycobacterium avium* and *Mycobacterium abscessus* complexes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of NTM-PD epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
- Synthesis of current understanding of host susceptibility and disease development.
- Focused discussion on treatment for *M. avium* and *M. abscessus* complexes.
Main Results:
- NTM-PD diagnosis requires integrating clinical, radiological, and microbiological data.
- Disease course is heterogeneous, ranging from stable to refractory with significant morbidity and mortality.
- Current treatment involves prolonged, multi-drug regimens that are often poorly tolerated.
Conclusions:
- There is a pressing need for improved treatment regimens for refractory and drug-resistant NTM-PD.
- Novel therapies are being investigated to address treatment challenges.
- Understanding NTM-PD pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective interventions.
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