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Related Concept Videos

Second-Order Circuits01:17

Second-Order Circuits

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Integrating two fundamental energy storage elements in electrical circuits results in second-order circuits, encompassing RLC circuits and circuits with dual capacitors or inductors (RC and RL circuits). Second-order circuits are identified by second-order differential equations that link input and output signals.
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First-order electrical circuits, which comprise resistors and a single energy storage element - either a capacitor or an inductor, are fundamental to many electronic systems. These circuits are governed by a first-order differential equation that describes the relationship between input and output signals.
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In a balanced four-wire wye-to-wye system, the arrangement involves wye-connected sinusoidal voltage sources and loads, connected through a neutral wire that links the neutral nodes of the source and load. The load impedance is connected across each phase of the load. The wye-connected source can be connected to the wye-connected load in four-wire and three-wire arrangements. A three-phase system is considered balanced when the load on each phase is equal, leading to uniform current flow and...
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LC Circuits01:21

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An LC circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor, either in series or parallel. Consider a charged capacitor connected with an inductor in series. Before the switch is closed, all the energy of the circuit is stored in the electric field of the capacitor. When the switch is closed, the capacitor begins to discharge, producing a current in the circuit. The current, in turn, creates a magnetic field in the inductor. Because of the induced emf in the inductor, the current cannot change...
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Continuing care describes the variety of health, personal, and social services provided over a prolonged period. The need for continuing care is increasing because people are living longer. Many people do not have families or others to care for them. Continuing care is mainly for patients who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering from a terminal disease. It is available within institutional settings or in homes. Examples include nursing centers or facilities, assisted living,...
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The continuity equation asserts that the mass flow rate must remain constant for a steady flow of an incompressible fluid within a confined system. This principle applies to systems where fluid passes through varying cross-sectional areas, such as nozzles, syringes, and pipes.
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Homochronic Transplantation of Interneuron Precursors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains
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A striatal interneuron circuit for continuous target pursuit.

Namsoo Kim1, Haofang E Li1, Ryan N Hughes1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.

Nature Communications
|June 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mice use fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) in the brain to track moving targets. These FSIs help control movement speed by representing the distance to the target, crucial for adaptive behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Adaptive behaviors, such as pursuit, rely on accurate spatial target tracking.
  • Mice utilize the distance to a moving target to continuously guide their own movement during pursuit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of parvalbumin-positive fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) in the sensorimotor striatum during pursuit behavior.
  • To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying the transformation of distance-to-target information into self-velocity commands.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings in the sensorimotor striatum of mice during pursuit behavior.
  • In vivo manipulation of FSI activity using optogenetic or chemogenetic techniques.
  • Analysis of neural activity in FSIs and striatal projection neurons (SPNs) in relation to self- and target-movement parameters.

Main Results:

  • FSIs in the sensorimotor striatum represent the distance between the self and the target during pursuit.
  • Striatal projection neurons (SPNs) represent self-velocity, receiving regulatory input from FSIs.
  • Modulation of FSI activity directly impacts the FSI-SPN circuit's ability to control movement velocity and maintain pursuit performance.

Conclusions:

  • The FSI-SPN circuit in the sensorimotor striatum is critical for successful pursuit behavior.
  • This circuit performs a vital distance-to-velocity transformation, enabling continuous modulation of movement speed based on target distance.
  • Understanding this circuit provides insights into the neural basis of adaptive motor control.