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Related Concept Videos

Reinforcement01:23

Reinforcement

872
Positive and negative reinforcement are key concepts in operant conditioning, a learning process where the consequences of a behavior affect the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.
Positive reinforcement occurs when a behavior is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus, increasing the frequency of that behavior. For example:
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Corrosion of Reinforcement01:27

Corrosion of Reinforcement

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The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
However, over time and under certain conditions like carbonation, chloride ingress, and cracking this protective state can be compromised. Steel has areas with...
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Reinforcement Schedules01:24

Reinforcement Schedules

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Positive reinforcement is a powerful method for teaching new behaviors to both animals and humans. B.F. Skinner demonstrated this with his experiments using rats in a Skinner box. When a rat pressed a lever, it received a food pellet. This immediate reward encouraged the rat to repeat the behavior. This method, where a reward follows every instance of the behavior, is known as continuous reinforcement. It is highly effective for establishing new behaviors quickly.
Once a behavior is learned,...
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Reinforcements in Concrete01:25

Reinforcements in Concrete

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Reinforced concrete is a composite material used extensively in construction, combining the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel. This synergy is essential as concrete, while excellent at resisting compression, is weak under tension. Steel bars, or rebars, are embedded in the concrete to handle these tensile forces. The choice of steel is strategic; it shares a similar coefficient of thermal expansion with concrete, which ensures uniformity in response to...
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Fiber Reinforced Concrete01:22

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

361
Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
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Reinforced Brick Masonry01:15

Reinforced Brick Masonry

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Reinforced brick masonry is an advanced construction technique that enhances the structural integrity of brick walls by incorporating steel reinforcements. These reinforcements are either placed within the hollow cores of bricks or sandwiched between two layers of masonry, known as wythes, and are then secured in place with grout. Grout is a fluid mixture composed of Portland cement, aggregate, and water, providing the necessary bonding agent for the steel and brick.
To fortify brick walls...
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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate [18F]SFB
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Reinforced POSE: the 18-Plication Solution.

Rebecca García García1, José Vicente Velázquez2

  • 1Clínicas Doctor Life, C/ Infantas 32, 28004, Madrid, Spain.

Obesity Surgery
|June 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new reinforced endoscopic procedure, POSE 18, shows safety and effectiveness for treating severe obesity (type III). This minimally invasive approach offers an alternative to bariatric surgery for patients with high BMI.

Keywords:
BariatricEndoscopicMeta-analysisPOSESatietyWeight loss

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Area of Science:

  • Bariatric Endoscopy
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Obesity Treatment

Background:

  • Obesity is a significant global health challenge.
  • Endoscopic endoluminal approaches offer alternatives to traditional bariatric surgery and pharmacotherapy.
  • Existing endoscopic techniques may be less effective for patients with severe obesity (type III).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel reinforced POSE 18-plication protocol.
  • To assess the outcomes of the POSE 18 procedure in patients with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²).

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of patients with severe obesity (mean BMI ≈ 47 kg/m²) underwent the reinforced POSE 18 procedure.
  • A comparative group of patients with lower BMI (≈ 40 kg/m²) received the standard POSE procedure.
  • Outcomes were assessed over a three-month follow-up period.

Main Results:

  • The reinforced POSE 18 achieved 17% total weight loss (TWL) and 36% excess weight loss (EWL) in three months.
  • Standard POSE resulted in 15% TWL and 41% EWL.
  • Both procedures demonstrated comparable safety profiles, meeting weight loss objectives.

Conclusions:

  • The reinforced POSE 18 procedure is safe and effective for managing severe obesity (type III).
  • This endoscopic approach presents a safer alternative to bariatric surgery with comparable outcomes to standard endoscopic methods.