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Author Spotlight: Advancing Structural and Biochemical Studies of Proteins Through Thermal Shift Assays

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Published on: August 9, 2024

From Selenium Absorption to Selenoprotein Degradation.

Herena Y Ha¹, Naghum Alfulaij¹, Marla J Berry¹

¹Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.

Biological Trace Element Research

|June 22, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Selenium is vital for health, forming selenoproteins like SELENOP. This review details how the body absorbs, distributes, and degrades these proteins, focusing on cellular mechanisms and selenium reuse.

Keywords:

Degradation Selenium Selenocysteine Selenoprotein Ubiquitination

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Nutritional Science

Background:

Selenium is an essential dietary micronutrient crucial for human health.
Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st amino acid, incorporated into selenoproteins.
Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) transports selenium throughout the body.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of selenium metabolism and selenoprotein biology.
To focus on the molecular mechanisms of selenoprotein degradation.
To highlight pathways for selenoprotein uptake, degradation, and selenium reuse.

Main Methods:

Literature review of selenium absorption, distribution, and metabolism.
Analysis of molecular pathways for selenoprotein degradation (lysosomal and proteasomal).
Examination of selenoprotein P (SELENOP) and truncated selenoprotein degradation.

Main Results:

Selenoprotein degradation involves lysosome-mediated (SELENOP) and ER-mediated ubiquitin-proteasomal pathways.
Specific pathways include PPAR-gamma-dependent and substrate-dependent ubiquitination.
Truncated selenoproteins are degraded by cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase 2.

Conclusions:

Understanding selenoprotein degradation is key to selenium biology.
Mechanisms for degradation and reuse of Sec residues are complex.
Further research is needed to uncover remaining knowledge gaps in selenium metabolism.