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The alpha-2 receptor agonist dexmedetomidine attenuates vancomycin‑induced acute kidney injury
Objective:
This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on nephrotoxicity and the mechanism of renoprotection following vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Methods:
Thirty-two albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The control group received intraperitoneal (IP) physiological saline solution, the vancomycin (VMC) group received IP 200 mg/kg vancomycin, the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group received IP 5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine, and the vancomycin and dexmedetomidine (VMC+DEX) group received IP 200 mg/kg vancomycin followed by IP 5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine 20 min after the vancomycin injection. On the 8th day of the experiment, histopathological and biochemical parameters were assessed.
Results:
Creatinine levels were significantly higher in VMC and VMC+DEX groups. The endothelin-1 level was significantly higher in VMC group. Nitric oxide levels were statistically lower in VMC and VMC+DEX groups. Histopathologic assessments revealed that the extent of renal damage was significantly higher in group VMC (n = 4 with damage of Grade 3) compared to group VMC+DEX (n = 0 with damage of Grade 3).
Conclusion:
It was determined that dexmedetomidine can reduce the extent of renal damage by preventing the elevation of vasoconstrictor agents (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 36).
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