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Streptococcal outbreaks and erythrogenic toxin type A.

W Köhler1, D Gerlach, H Knöll

  • 1Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Zentralinstitut für Mikrobiologie und experimentelle Therapie, Jena.

Zentralblatt Fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, Und Hygiene. Series A, Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology
|August 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Streptococcus pyogenes strains produce less erythrogenic toxin A (ETA) over time, potentially explaining milder scarlet fever cases. This toxin production is strain-specific, not type-specific, and has declined in recent decades.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Streptococcus pyogenes causes scarlet fever, a disease historically linked to erythrogenic toxins.
  • Erythrogenic toxin A (ETA) is a key virulence factor in Streptococcus pyogenes infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the production of erythrogenic toxin A (ETA) by Streptococcus pyogenes strains over time.
  • To correlate ETA production levels with scarlet fever epidemic and sporadic case strains.

Main Methods:

  • ELISA and double immunodiffusion (Ouchterlony) assays were used to detect ETA production.
  • Anti-ETA antibodies were purified using affinity chromatography.
  • SDS-PAGE was employed to analyze strain patterns.

Main Results:

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  • Reference strains (pre-1945) showed variable ETA production, with some producing high levels (up to 16,000 µg/l).
  • Type 3 strains from a 1972/73 epidemic produced moderate ETA (mean 68 µg/l), while later sporadic strains produced less (mean 30 µg/l).
  • Type 1 epidemic strains (1982/83) produced low ETA levels (mean 8 µg/l), and recent strains (post-1984) rarely produced ETA, often producing ETB instead.

Conclusions:

  • Streptococcus pyogenes strains appear to have diminished their capacity for high-level ETA production over recent decades.
  • The decrease in ETA production may contribute to the observed milder clinical manifestations of contemporary scarlet fever.
  • ETA production is a strain-specific, not type-specific, characteristic of Streptococcus pyogenes.