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Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
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Factors Influencing Attraction IV: Reciprocity01:28

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Reciprocity in attraction is fundamental to social and romantic relationships, shaping how individuals form and maintain connections. The psychological principle underlying this phenomenon is that people tend to like those who express liking toward them. Balance theory supports this tendency, suggesting that mutual attraction fosters psychological harmony, whereas one-sided affection leads to discomfort and cognitive dissonance.The Psychological Mechanisms Behind ReciprocityWhen individuals...
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Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

An Enzyme- and Serum-free Neural Stem Cell Culture Model for EMT Investigation Suited for Drug Discovery
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Reciprocal regulatory circuits coordinating EMT plasticity.

Maren Diepenbruck1, Gerhard Christofori1

  • 1Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.

Cell Stress
|June 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular plasticity via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is vital for development but drives cancer metastasis when uncontrolled. A novel miRNA, miR1199, and Zeb1 transcription factor form a critical feedback loop regulating EMT.

Keywords:
EMTinvasionmetastasismiRNAstranscription factors

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reversal (MET) are crucial for embryonic development and tissue plasticity.
  • Aberrant EMT drives cancer progression, including invasion, dissemination, and metastasis.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known regulators of normal and cancer-associated EMT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the post-transcriptional regulation of EMT by miRNAs.
  • To identify novel regulatory mechanisms controlling EMT plasticity in normal and malignant cells.
  • To elucidate the role of miR1199 and Zeb1 in EMT regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of miRNA expression profiles.
  • Functional studies involving miRNA mimics and inhibitors.
  • Western blotting and qRT-PCR to assess protein and gene expression.
  • Luciferase reporter assays to confirm regulatory interactions.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a novel miRNA, miR1199, involved in EMT regulation.
  • Discovery of a double-negative feedback loop between miR1199 and the EMT transcription factor Zeb1.
  • Demonstration that this feedback loop critically controls EMT plasticity.
  • Evidence for the role of this regulatory network in cancer progression.

Conclusions:

  • miR1199 and Zeb1 form a critical regulatory axis controlling EMT.
  • This feedback loop plays a significant role in both normal development and cancer metastasis.
  • Targeting this miRNA-transcription factor interaction may offer therapeutic strategies for cancer.