Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Obtaining Cancer Stem Cell Spheres from Gynecological and Breast Cancer Tumors
Published on: March 1, 2020
[Initial experience with image-guided and intensity-modulated postoperative radiotherapy of gynecological cancer]
Réka Király1, Csilla Pesznyák2, Szilvia Varga1
1Sugárterápiás Központ, Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Budapest, Hungary. kiraly.reka@gmx.com.
Abstract:
Our goal was to determine the extent of the CTV-PTV margin. Accuracy of patient setup was checked with daily CBCT. Two radiation oncologists performed the image matching independently. The CTV-PTV margin was calculated with the van Herk formula. The treatment plans were created with the Varian Eclipse v11 planning system, and the treatments were carried out with a Varian TrueBeam accelerator by using RapidArc technique with two full arcs. Dose constraints on the target volume and organs at risk recommended by international bodies were applied. Conformity number (CN) for PTV, V45 and V50 for organs at risk were used to assess and compare the treatment plans of RapidArc and 3D-KRT (conformal radiotherapy) techniques. The average CTV-PTV margins with or without IGRT were 0.67 cm vs. 1.53 cm, 0.66 cm vs. 1.25 cm and 0.34 cm vs. 0.98 cm in vertical, longitudinal and lateral directions, respectively. In case of daily on-line CBCT verification 0.5 cm margin can be used.
Related Concept Videos
Initiation of Translation
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Initiation of Translation
Sound Intensity
Transcription Initiation
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
Sound Intensity Level
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and...
Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves

