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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.3K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.3K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

129.5K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
129.5K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.0K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.0K
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

13.7K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
13.7K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.1K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.1K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.9K

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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

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Biocompatible ionic liquids: fundamental behaviours and applications.

Joana M Gomes1, Simone S Silva, Rui L Reis

  • 13B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal. joana.gomes@i3bs@uminho.pt simonesilva@i3bs.uminho.pt.

Chemical Society Reviews
|June 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Biocompatible ionic liquids (Bio-ILs) offer eco-friendly solutions for electrochemical and biomedical applications. Their synthesis from renewable sources and their environmental/biological impacts are reviewed for technological advancement.

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts that are liquid at low temperatures.
  • Biocompatible ionic liquids (Bio-ILs) are derived from renewable resources, offering enhanced sustainability.
  • Bio-ILs show promise in electrochemical and biomedical applications due to their unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review synthesis strategies for Bio-ILs.
  • To assess the ecotoxicological and biological impact of Bio-ILs.
  • To discuss the application potential of Bio-ILs in advanced technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Bio-IL synthesis.
  • Analysis of ecotoxicological and safety data.
  • Exploration of diverse application case studies.

Main Results:

  • Bio-ILs can be synthesized using bio-renewable feedstocks for both cation and anion.
  • Studies indicate varying degrees of environmental and biological impact, necessitating careful assessment.
  • Bio-ILs demonstrate significant potential in energy storage, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.

Conclusions:

  • Bio-ILs represent a sustainable alternative to conventional ILs.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate their long-term environmental and health implications.
  • Optimized synthesis and application of Bio-ILs can drive innovation in multiple technological fields.