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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice
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Systemic Immunologic Consequences of Chronic Periodontitis.

D K Gaudilliere1, A Culos2, K Djebali2

  • 11 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

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|June 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Chronic periodontitis (ChP) causes widespread immune system dysfunction, marked by exaggerated inflammatory responses and weakened natural killer cell activity. These systemic immune alterations are reversible with periodontal treatment.

Keywords:
CyTOFcell signalinghumaninnate immunitymass cytometryoral systemic disease

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Periodontology
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • Chronic periodontitis (ChP) is a common inflammatory disease linked to systemic conditions like cardiovascular disease.
  • The mechanisms connecting ChP to adverse systemic health outcomes remain unclear.
  • ChP affects 46% of the US population, leading to alveolar bone destruction and tooth loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the systemic immune consequences of ChP.
  • To analyze immune system-wide dysfunctions in ChP patients.
  • To determine if periodontal treatment reverses these immune alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study design.
  • Utilized highly multiplex mass cytometry immunoassay for in-depth analysis.
  • Analyzed intracellular signaling networks in circulating immune cells.

Main Results:

  • Identified immune system-wide dysfunctions distinguishing ChP patients from healthy controls.
  • Observed exaggerated proinflammatory responses in neutrophils and monocytes to Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS.
  • Noted attenuated natural killer cell responses to inflammatory cytokines in ChP patients.
  • Found immune alterations were undetectable 3 weeks after periodontal treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Demarcated systemic and cell-specific immune dysfunctions in ChP patients.
  • Demonstrated temporary reversal of immune alterations following local ChP treatment.
  • Highlighted the need for further research in larger cohorts to confirm generalizability.