Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

Van der Waals Interactions

Van der Waals Interactions

Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Interaction of coronavirus E protein with BRD2 plays important regulatory roles in viral replication and induction of pro-inflammatory response.

Journal of virology·2026

Same author

Development of a toehold switch detection platform based on a modified cell-free translation system for specific differentiation of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus genotypes and sensitive detection of phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2026

Same author

Modulation of viral replication, autophagy and apoptosis by induction and mutual regulation of transcription factors EB and E3 during coronavirus infection.

Frontiers in microbiology·2025

Same author

Critical amino acid residues in human ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding and virus entry.

Microbiology spectrum·2025

Same author

Correction: Development and characterization of reverse genetics systems of feline infectious peritonitis virus for antiviral research.

Veterinary research·2025

Same author

Proteomic analysis of the nonstructural protein 2-host protein interactome reveals a novel regulatory role of SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication and apoptosis.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025

Same journal

Circadian Control of Host-Microbiome Symbioses.

Annual review of microbiology·2026

Same journal

Host-Pathogen Interactions in Malaria: Invasion, Neutralization, and Evasion.

Annual review of microbiology·2026

Same journal

From an Interest in Molecules to a Fascination with Microbes.

Annual review of microbiology·2026

Same journal

Bacterial Physiology in the Context of Algal Partners.

Annual review of microbiology·2026

Same journal

Introduction.

Annual review of microbiology·2025

Same journal

Decoding Microbial Community Assembly: Insights on Vectors of Infectious Diseases.

Annual review of microbiology·2025

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

Published on: September 22, 2023

Human Coronavirus: Host-Pathogen Interaction.

To Sing Fung¹, Ding Xiang Liu¹

¹Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China;

Annual Review of Microbiology

|June 22, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human coronaviruses (HCoV) cause respiratory illnesses, with recent zoonotic strains like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV posing significant threats. This review details how HCoV manipulates host factors and signaling pathways, including stress responses and immunity, for replication.

Keywords:

ER stress MAPK apoptosis coronavirus host-virus interaction innate immunity

More Related Videos

Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium

Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium

Published on: April 9, 2019

Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions

Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: July 10, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

Published on: September 22, 2023

Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium

Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium

Published on: April 9, 2019

Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions

Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: July 10, 2021

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

Human coronaviruses (HCoV) cause a spectrum of respiratory diseases, ranging from mild to severe.
The emergence of zoonotic HCoVs, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, highlights their pandemic potential.
HCoV replication involves intricate interactions with host cellular machinery and signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

To review host factors and signaling pathways exploited by HCoV during infection.
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying HCoV pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions.
To discuss the interplay between HCoV infection and cellular processes like stress response, autophagy, apoptosis, and innate immunity.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on HCoV-host interactions.
Analysis of signaling pathways activated during HCoV infection.
Examination of cellular responses including stress, autophagy, apoptosis, and innate immunity.

Main Results:

HCoV infection hijacks diverse host factors to facilitate viral replication.
Activated signaling pathways modulate antiviral immunity and contribute to disease severity.
HCoV employs specific strategies to crosstalk with and modulate host cellular pathways.

Conclusions:

Understanding HCoV-host interactions is crucial for developing effective antiviral strategies.
The intricate interplay between HCoV and host pathways offers potential therapeutic targets.
Further research into these mechanisms can illuminate HCoV pathogenesis and host defense.