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Related Concept Videos

Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

43.2K
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

High-throughput Identification of Synergistic Drug Combinations by the Overlap2 Method
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High-throughput Identification of Synergistic Drug Combinations by the Overlap2 Method

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Pleiotropy and synergistic cooperation.

David C Queller1,2

  • 1Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.

Plos Biology
|June 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pleiotropy, where one gene affects multiple traits, can promote stable cooperation. This occurs even when cooperation is costly, by linking it to a beneficial private trait, favoring its evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Behavioral ecology

Background:

  • Stable cooperation can evolve through mechanisms like pleiotropy, where a single gene influences multiple traits.
  • A recent challenge questioned the role of pleiotropy in fostering cooperation, particularly synergistic and frequency-dependent cooperation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address a recent challenge to the theory that pleiotropy facilitates the evolution of cooperation.
  • To demonstrate how pleiotropy can favor cooperation under specific conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling
  • Evolutionary game theory analysis
  • Frequency-dependent selection analysis

Main Results:

  • Pleiotropy, by linking a costly cooperative trait to a beneficial private trait, can increase the frequency of cooperation.
  • This effect can elevate cooperation to a level where it is favored even without the private benefit.

Conclusions:

  • Pleiotropy provides a viable pathway for the evolution of stable cooperation, even when cooperation incurs a cost.
  • Synergistic, frequency-dependent cooperation can be robustly supported by pleiotropic effects.