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An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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Menopause exacerbates visual dysfunction in experimental glaucoma.

Andrew J Feola1, Jieming Fu2, Rachael Allen1

  • 1Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Atlanta, GA, United States; Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.

Experimental Eye Research
|June 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Menopause and aging worsen glaucoma effects. Estrogen deficiency from ovariectomy (OVX) significantly reduced visual function and retinal structure in rats with ocular hypertension (OHT).

Keywords:
EstrogenGlaucomaMenopauseVisual function

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology and Aging Research

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally.
  • Estrogen deficiency, linked to menopause and aging, is associated with increased glaucoma risk.
  • Understanding the impact of estrogen status on glaucoma progression is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of menopause and age on visual function and retinal structure in an experimental glaucoma model.
  • To determine if estrogen deficiency exacerbates visual impairment and retinal damage in the context of ocular hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Young and aged female rats underwent ovariectomy (OVX) to induce menopause or sham surgery.
  • Ocular hypertension (OHT) was induced unilaterally in rats for eight weeks.
  • Visual acuity (optomotor response) and retinal structure (optical coherence tomography) were assessed at baseline and post-OHT.

Main Results:

  • Ocular hypertension (OHT) significantly decreased visual acuity and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in all groups.
  • Ovariectomy (OVX) led to a 54% greater decrease in spatial frequency thresholds after OHT compared to sham controls, irrespective of age.
  • Aged animals exhibited more significant RNFL thinning and loss of retinal thickness than young animals following OHT.

Conclusions:

  • Estrogen deficiency, induced by OVX, intensifies visual impairment and retinal damage in the presence of OHT.
  • Aging exacerbates the negative impact of OHT on retinal structure and visual function.
  • These findings highlight the critical role of estrogen in protecting against glaucoma progression, especially in aging populations.