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Pitfalls in analyzing release from chitosan/tripolyphosphate micro- and nanoparticles.

Yuhang Cai1, Yakov Lapitsky1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States.

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics : Official Journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik E.V
|June 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Experimental artifacts in chitosan/tripolyphosphate (TPP) particle release studies can lead to conflicting results. This research identifies key artifacts to ensure accurate drug delivery assessments.

Keywords:
ChitosanDrug releaseNanoparticlesPolyelectrolyteSample and separate method

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Chitosan/tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles are widely studied for drug, gene, and vaccine delivery.
  • Published release profiles for these particles show significant discrepancies, ranging from immediate to multi-day sustained release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate experimental artifacts that may cause conflicting in vitro release profiles of chitosan/TPP particles.
  • To provide guidelines for obtaining more reliable release data for colloidal carriers.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of common in vitro release testing methods, including "sample and separate" and "solvent replacement".
  • Examination of potential artifacts such as incomplete particle separation, particle coagulation, and failure to maintain sink conditions.
  • Evaluation of the impact of release media ionic strength on observed release profiles.

Main Results:

  • In vitro release studies of chitosan/TPP particles can be significantly affected by experimental artifacts.
  • Incomplete particle separation, particle coagulation, and non-sink conditions can distort release kinetics.
  • The use of low-ionic-strength media may lead to artificially prolonged release profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Conflicting release data for chitosan/TPP nanoparticles may stem from experimental artifacts rather than inherent material properties.
  • Adherence to standardized methods and appropriate experimental conditions is crucial for accurate release profiling.
  • This study offers critical insights for researchers to improve the reliability of in vitro release studies for nano- and micro-particulate drug delivery systems.