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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

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Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
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Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

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When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
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Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid01:09

Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid

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As with waves on a string, the speed of sound or a mechanical wave in a fluid depends on the fluid's elastic modulus and inertia. The two relevant physical quantities are the bulk modulus and the density of the material. Indeed, it turns out that the relationship between speed and the bulk modulus and density in fluids is the same as that between the speed and the Young's modulus and density in solids.
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

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Quantum liquids.

H R Glyde1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2593, United States of America.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|June 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pioneering neutron scattering experiments revealed key insights into quantum liquids like liquid helium-4 and helium-3. These studies observed the Bose-Einstein condensate fraction and detailed density excitations, advancing our understanding of quantum fluid dynamics.

Keywords:
Bose–Einstein condensationdensity excitationsliquid heliumneutron scatteringphonon–roton modesquantum liquidsspin density excitations

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Fluids
  • Neutron Scattering

Background:

  • Roger A Cowley's research significantly advanced the understanding of quantum liquids, specifically liquid helium-4 and helium-3.
  • Previous theories by Feynman and Cohen predicted different behaviors for the phonon-roton mode in liquid helium-4.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the collective and independent particle response of liquid helium-4 using neutron scattering.
  • To explore the density excitations and dynamic response of liquid helium-3 under varying conditions.
  • To compare experimental findings with theoretical predictions for quantum liquids.

Main Methods:

  • Neutron scattering measurements were conducted at Chalk River Laboratories and the Institut Laue Langevin.
  • Detailed measurements of energy, intensity, and width of the phonon-roton mode in liquid helium-4.
  • Investigation of density response in liquid helium-3, a challenging material due to high neutron absorption.

Main Results:

  • Observed the termination of the phonon-roton mode at finite energy, supporting Pitaevskii's predictions.
  • First-ever observation of the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) fraction in liquid helium-4.
  • Successfully documented the density response of liquid helium-3, stimulating further research.

Conclusions:

  • Cowley's experiments provided crucial data on quantum liquid dynamics, validating specific theoretical models.
  • The observation of BEC in liquid helium-4 was a landmark achievement in quantum physics.
  • Pioneering work on liquid helium-3 opened new avenues for studying dense quantum systems.