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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

15.8K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
15.8K
Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis02:29

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

12.7K
Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
12.7K
Protection of Alcohols02:31

Protection of Alcohols

8.0K
This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
8.0K
Preparation of Alcohols via Substitution Reactions01:38

Preparation of Alcohols via Substitution Reactions

7.3K
Overview
Alcohols can be synthesized from alkyl halides via nucleophilic substitution reactions. The highly polar carbon-halogen bond in the substrate makes halide a good leaving group.  The hydroxide ion or water can act as a nucleophile to take the place of halide and form an alcohol. The substitution reactions occur via two different reaction pathways, SN1 or SN2,  depending on the nature of carbon attached to the halide.
Primary alcohols are synthesized from primary alkyl halides, and the...
7.3K
Esters to Alcohols: Hydride Reductions01:17

Esters to Alcohols: Hydride Reductions

4.7K
Esters are reduced to primary alcohols when treated with a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent and proceeds via an aldehyde intermediate.
Lithium aluminum hydride is a source of hydride ions and functions as a nucleophile. The mechanism proceeds in three steps. Firstly, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the ester to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the carbonyl group re-forms,...
4.7K
Esters to Alcohols: Grignard Reaction01:08

Esters to Alcohols: Grignard Reaction

6.0K
The reaction of an ester with a Grignard reagent, followed by hydrolysis of the magnesium alkoxide salt in aqueous acid, yields a tertiary alcohol. In the case of formate esters, secondary alcohols are formed.
The reaction requires two equivalents of the Grignard reagent and introduces two identical alkyl groups, derived from the Grignard reagent, bonded to the hydroxyl-bearing carbon of the alcohol.
The reaction follows the typical nucleophilic acyl substitution mechanism. The Grignard...
6.0K

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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Film Extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/Wheat Gluten Blends
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Film Extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/Wheat Gluten Blends

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Poly(furfuryl alcohol)-Polycaprolactone Blends.

Gabriele Nanni1, José A Heredia-Guerrero2, Uttam C Paul3

  • 1Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy. gabriele.nanni@iit.it.

Polymers
|June 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel bio-based polymer blends by combining poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) with polycaprolactone (PCL). These PFA-PCL blends offer improved gas barrier properties and antioxidant effects, reducing reliance on petroleum precursors.

Keywords:
antioxidant polymerbiocompatibilityfood packagingpoly(furfuryl alcohol)polycaprolactone

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) is a bioresin derived from renewable biomass.
  • Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polyester, but its production depends on petroleum.
  • Developing sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based polymers is crucial for environmental and economic reasons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create novel functional polymer blends by compounding PFA with PCL.
  • To reduce the dependence on petroleum-derived precursors in PCL production.
  • To evaluate the properties and potential applications of the new PFA-PCL blends.

Main Methods:

  • Polymer blend films were prepared using solvent casting.
  • Characterization included Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for surface topography.
  • Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy for chemical interactions.
  • X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for crystallinity, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for thermal properties.
  • Tensile testing for mechanical properties and toxicity tests for biocompatibility.

Main Results:

  • PFA improved the gas barrier properties of PCL.
  • The mechanical properties of PCL were maintained.
  • The PFA-PCL blends exhibited a sustained antioxidant effect.
  • Excellent biocompatibility was demonstrated through toxicity tests.

Conclusions:

  • The novel PFA-PCL blends offer a sustainable alternative to conventional polymers.
  • These blends possess enhanced gas barrier and antioxidant properties with good biocompatibility.
  • Potential applications include food packaging and biomedical devices.