Influenza vaccine programs for children in low- and middle-income countries: current status and way forward

Area of Science:

• Pediatric infectious disease
• Vaccinology
• Global health policy

Background:

• Influenza vaccines are safe and effective but underused in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
• Limited data exists on disease burden and optimal implementation strategies for pediatric influenza vaccination in LMICs.
• Existing immunization infrastructures and vaccine availability pose challenges for program expansion.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine influenza vaccine programs for children within the context of new vaccine adoption in LMICs.
• To review disease burden, vaccine introduction policies, financing, availability, and country readiness.
• To identify evidence gaps and inform decision-making for pediatric influenza vaccination in LMICs.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on influenza disease burden in LMICs.
• Analysis of global and national policies related to influenza vaccine financing and introduction.
• Assessment of current vaccine availability and country-level implementation readiness.

Main Results:

• LMICs face challenges in accessing appropriate influenza vaccine formulations and strengthening immunization infrastructure.
• Country decision-making requires more evidence on the value proposition of pediatric influenza vaccination programs.
• Key considerations include alternative immunization strategies, impact on severe illness, and economic benefits.

Conclusions:

• Strengthening immunization infrastructure and access to suitable vaccine formulations are crucial for expanding influenza vaccine programs in LMICs.
• Further research is needed to demonstrate the value proposition of influenza vaccines, focusing on cost-effectiveness and alignment with existing platforms.
• Targeted research and development are essential to meet the specific needs of LMICs and drive program expansion.