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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 5, 2014

Different impacts on brain function depending on the mode of delivery.

Keiko Ikeda¹, Hiroshi Onimaru², Tohru Matsuura³

¹Department of Physiology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Kozunomori 4-3, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan; Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.

|June 23, 2019

Summary

Cesarean delivery (C-section) impacts neonatal brain development. Birth mode influences neurotransmission, brain function, and adult behavior, affecting survival rates in Atp1a2 knockout mice.

Keywords:

Atp1a2 Cesarean delivery Na pump Neural development Respiratory neural activity Vaginal delivery

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Background:

Cesarean section (C-section) prevalence is rising globally.
Delivery mode is linked to human disease, but its effect on neonatal brain function is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how delivery mode (vaginal vs. C-section) affects neonatal brain development and function.
To analyze the impact of birth stimuli on neurotransmission and neural network formation.

Main Methods:

Phenotypic analysis of Atp1a2 homozygous knockout (Atp1a2-/-) neonates.
Comparison of breathing, monoamine levels, transporter/channel proteins, and c-Fos expression between delivery groups.
Assessment of adult behaviors in mice based on birth mode.

Main Results:

Atp1a2-/- mice born via vaginal delivery exhibited spontaneous breathing, while C-section born mice did not survive.
Significant differences were observed in monoamine levels, transporter/channel proteins, and c-Fos expression patterns.
Distinct behavioral differences emerged in adulthood depending on the mode of delivery.

Conclusions:

Birth mode significantly influences neurotransmission and functional network formation in the neonatal brain.
Delivery stimuli play a critical role in early brain development with long-term consequences.