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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Application of Hemostatic Devices in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy
Published on: April 19, 2022
Effect of operative duration on infectious complications and mortality following hepatectomy
Eduardo Chacon1, Pedro Eman1, Adam Dugan1
1Department of Surgery - Transplant Division, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
Background:
To study mortality and infectious complications (IC) risk relative to operative duration in a large and contemporary cohort of patients undergoing hepatectomy.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study of 21,443 patients from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset of patients who underwent liver resection from 2012 to 2016.
Results:
Patients undergoing hepatectomy during the study period (N = 21,443) had a mean operative duration of 243.5 min of which 16.6% (3533) developed at least one IC. The overall 30-day mortality was 1.6%. A significant increase in mortality and IC was demonstrated from 3 h of operating time (OR: 1.99 and OR: 1.94, respectively), peaking at 8 h (OR: 7.15 and OR: 6.37, respectively). Pneumonia, sepsis/septic shock, and SSI presented high prevalence and were linked to significant mortality. After case-matching, elective hepatectomy was associated with a 4-fold increased risk of infectious complications.
Conclusions:
Operative duration was associated with a linear increased risk of mortality and IC after hepatectomy. The most critical determinants of IC were ASA class, COPD, CHF, and type of hepatectomy.
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A vector multiplied by a scalar value is called scalar multiplication. The result obtained is a new vector with a different magnitude. If the scalar is positive, the direction of the vector remains the same, but if it is negative, the direction of the vector is reversed. For example, the product of the mass and velocity yields the momentum.

