Leukotriene production by cultured astroglial cells

Astrocytes metabolize arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase pathway to prostanoids. We examined whether primary culture astrocytes from neonatal rat brain can be induced to generate and release the lipoxygenase derivative leukotriene C4 (LTC4). While there was only minute constitutive production of immunoreactive LTC4 this metabolite was liberated by astroglial cells in response to calcium ionophore A23187. The phorbol diester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) failed to precipitate leukotriene release. However, when threshold doses of A23187 were added to astrocyte cultures challenged with TPA, LTC4 was recovered from their supernatants. It is suggested that leukotriene generation by astrocytes bears relevance to immunoinflammatory responses in the central nervous system and may be involved in brain edema formation.