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Urinary apolipoprotein AI in children with kidney disease
Amanda J Clark1, Kathy Jabs2, Tracy E Hunley2
1Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carrell Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA.
Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|June 24, 2019
Summary
Urinary apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) component, is elevated in children with kidney disease, particularly in conditions affecting proximal tubules like focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Abnormal apoAI isoforms are also observed in these patients.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Cardiovascular Research
- Biochemistry
Background:
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays roles in various cell types within the cardiovascular system.
- The function and presence of HDL, specifically apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), in the kidney remain largely uncharacterized.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the urinary excretion of apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) in children with kidney disorders.
- To determine if urinary apoAI levels correlate with specific kidney diseases and identify associated apoAI isoforms.
Main Methods:
- Collected urine samples from 228 children with kidney diseases and 40 controls.
- Measured urinary apoAI and albumin using ELISA.
- Analyzed apoAI isoforms via Western blot and examined renal biopsies for apoAI distribution.
Main Results:
- Children with kidney disease exhibited significantly higher urinary apoAI levels compared to controls (p < 0.001).
- Elevated apoAI was most pronounced in tubulopathies, renal dysplasia, glomerulonephritis, and nephrotic syndrome (NS) in relapse.
- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was associated with increased high molecular weight (HMW) apoAI isoforms and specific apoAI staining patterns in renal biopsies.
Conclusions:
- Urinary apoAI excretion varies in pediatric kidney diseases, with notable elevations in conditions impacting proximal tubules.
- The presence of abnormal HMW apoAI isoforms, particularly in FSGS, suggests a potential role in renal pathology.
- Further research is needed to ascertain whether altered urinary apoAI serves as a marker or contributes to kidney disease progression.
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