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Evolutionary forces at work in partitiviruses.

Karel Petrzik1

  • 1Department of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. petrzik@umbr.cas.cz.

Virus Genes
|June 24, 2019
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Summary

Partitiviruses, RNA viruses with two genome segments, show strong purifying selection on replicase and capsid genes. Evidence suggests reassortment events in some partitivirus genera.

Keywords:
Capsid proteinNegative/positive selectionRNA polymeraseReassortmentSymbiosis

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Evolution
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Partitiviruses are dsRNA viruses with bipartite genomes encoding only replicase (RdRp) and capsid protein (CP).
  • Understanding evolutionary pressures and genetic diversity is crucial for partitivirus research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nucleotide diversity and selection pressures on RdRp and CP genes across partitivirus genera.
  • To identify potential reassortment events within and between partitivirus species.

Main Methods:

  • Calculation of dN/dS ratios for synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in RdRp and CP genes.
  • Comparative analysis of RdRp and CP gene identities in 95 sequenced partitivirus isolates.
  • Identification of viruses with divergent CP genes despite conserved RdRp genes as reassortment candidates.

Main Results:

  • Strong purifying selection was observed acting on both RdRp and CP genes across representative partitiviruses.
  • Putative positive selection was suggested for RdRp genes in two specific viruses.
  • Eight betapartitivirus and nine alphapartitivirus isolates were identified as reassortment candidates due to extreme CP divergence with conserved RdRp.
  • Indications of reassortants were found among isolates of different virus species.

Conclusions:

  • Partitivirus genomes are under strong purifying selection, maintaining essential functions.
  • Reassortment appears to be a significant evolutionary mechanism in betapartitiviruses and alphapartitiviruses, contributing to genetic diversity.
  • Further investigation into reassortant viruses is warranted to understand their prevalence and impact.