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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
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Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke

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Rostral-Caudal Hippocampal Functional Convergence Is Reduced Across the Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum.

Joseph Therriault1,2,3, S Wang4,5, S Mathotaarachchi4,5

  • 1McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada. joseph.therriault1@gmail.com.

Molecular Neurobiology
|June 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs hippocampal connectivity. Researchers found reduced rostral-caudal hippocampal convergence, a measure of network overlap, in early stages of AD, suggesting it could be an early biomarker.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseBrain networkFunctional connectivityHippocampusMild cognitive impairment

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Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
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Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
09:38

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: November 14, 2017

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
08:43

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: August 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by reduced functional connectivity between the hippocampus and cortical regions.
  • Internal hippocampal connectivity abnormalities in early AD remain poorly understood.
  • Synaptic depletion contributes to hippocampal network dysfunction in AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate rostral-caudal hippocampal convergence (rcHC), a novel metric of hippocampal functional network overlap, across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum.
  • To determine if rcHC declines in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
  • To explore the potential of rcHC as an early biomarker for AD-related connectivity dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to generate resting-state hippocampal functional networks.
  • Analyzed data from 56 controls, 48 early MCI (EMCI), 35 late MCI (LMCI), and 31 AD patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort.
  • Employed conjunction analysis and mixed-effects linear models to assess network convergence and differences.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a significant reduction in rostral-caudal hippocampal convergence strength from early MCI to AD.
  • Observed that this decline in convergence was independent of hippocampal atrophy.
  • Found a clear parallel between the functional convergence within the hippocampus and the clinical stage of the disease.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced rostral-caudal hippocampal convergence is a key finding in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
  • This functional convergence metric shows promise as a biomarker for early connectivity dysfunction in AD, independent of structural changes.
  • Findings highlight the importance of investigating intra-hippocampal network integrity for understanding AD pathogenesis.