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Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
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Acceleration is in the direction of the change in velocity, but it is not always in the direction of motion. When an object slows down, its acceleration is opposite to the direction of its motion. Although commonly referred to as deceleration, this causes confusion in our analysis as deceleration is not a vector, and does not point to a specific direction with respect to a coordinate system. Therefore, the term deceleration is not used. For example, when a subway train slows down, it...
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In everyday conversation, accelerating means speeding up. Acceleration is a vector in the same direction as the change in velocity, Δv, therefore the greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. Since velocity is a vector, it can change in magnitude, direction, or both. Thus acceleration is a change in speed or direction, or both. For example, if a runner traveling at 10 km/h due east slows to a stop, reverses direction, and continues their run at 10 km/h...
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The importance of understanding acceleration spans our day-to-day experiences, as well as the vast reaches of outer space and the tiny world of subatomic physics. In everyday conversation, to accelerate means to speed up. For instance, we are familiar with the acceleration of our car; the harder we apply our foot to the gas pedal, the faster we accelerate. The greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. Acceleration is widely seen in experimental physics. In...
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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Targeted Training of Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Aged and Parkinsonian Rats
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Physician-Training Stress and Accelerated Cellular Aging.

Kathryn K Ridout1, Samuel J Ridout2, Constance Guille3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente, San Jose, California; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.

Biological Psychiatry
|June 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physician residency stress significantly shortens telomeres, a key biological marker. Longer work hours correlated with greater telomere attrition, highlighting stress impacts on health.

Keywords:
AgingEducationGraduateMedicalResidencyTelomere

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Physiology
  • Stress Research

Background:

  • Lack of biological markers to track stress and its link to disease.
  • Previous studies show correlations between stress and telomere attrition.
  • Physician residency is a recognized high-stress environment suitable for studying chronic stress impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between residency experience and telomere attrition in physicians.
  • To identify biological markers for stress during medical training.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal cohort study of 250 interns across 55 US hospital systems.
  • Saliva samples used to measure telomere length.
  • Data collected during the 2015-2016 academic year.

Main Results:

  • Significant telomere length shortening observed during the internship year.
  • Shorter telomeres linked to stressful early family environments and neuroticism.
  • Longer work hours were associated with greater telomere attrition (p = .002).
  • Mean telomere attrition was six times higher than typical annual rates.

Conclusions:

  • Telomere attrition is a measurable biological consequence of physician training stress.
  • Workload during residency is associated with the magnitude of telomere loss.
  • Telomere attrition can serve as an objective biomarker for the pathological effects of stress.