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Functional differences in softball pitchers with and without upper extremity pain.

Gretchen D Oliver1, Gabrielle G Gilmer1, Kenzie B Friesen1

  • 1Sports Medicine and Movement Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, AL, USA.

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Summary

Softball pitchers with upper extremity pain show differences in shoulder and hip range of motion and strength. These findings highlight the importance of considering both upper and lower body when treating pain in softball pitchers.

Keywords:
Fast pitch softballInjuryRange of motionWindmill softball pitch

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Softball pitchers often exceed high pitch counts without restrictions, potentially leading to upper extremity (UE) pain.
  • Understanding the biomechanical factors associated with UE pain is crucial for injury prevention and management in softball.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate functional differences in shoulder and hip range of motion (ROM) and isometric strength (ISO) between pain-free softball pitchers and those with UE pain.
  • To explore potential correlations between lower extremity function and UE pain in softball pitchers.

Main Methods:

  • A controlled laboratory study involving 53 NCAA Division I softball pitchers.
  • Pitchers were categorized into pain-free (n=30) and UE pain (n=23) groups.
  • Measurements included bilateral shoulder and hip external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) ROM and ISO prior to a standardized pitching task.

Main Results:

  • The pain-free group demonstrated significantly greater throwing side hip ER ROM and hip IR ISO compared to the UE pain group.
  • Significant differences were observed in glove side hip ER ISO, throwing side shoulder ER ISO, and glove side shoulder IR and ER ISO between the groups.
  • These results indicate distinct functional characteristics in both shoulder and hip musculature related to UE pain.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences in shoulder and hip ROM and ISO exist between softball pitchers with and without UE pain.
  • The findings suggest that a holistic approach, considering both upper and lower extremities, is necessary for effective treatment of UE pain in softball pitchers.
  • Further research may explore the causal relationship between lower extremity function and the development of UE pain in this population.