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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
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SI Units: 2019 Redefinition01:13

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Measurement is an indispensable part of analytical chemistry. The result of measurement helps quantify a substance's physical property and compare it with the physical property of another substance. Each measurement comprises two components - a number indicating the magnitude and a unit of measurement as a standard for comparison. Further, the same quantity can be measured using different units of measurement, which leads to differences in magnitude.
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Spongy Bone01:09

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
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Compact Bone01:27

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Bone Marrow Transplantation Procedures in Mice to Study Clonal Hematopoiesis
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Bone Marrow Transplantation 1957-2019.

Elizabeth Simpson1, Francesco Dazzi2

  • 1Division of Immunology & Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Immunology
|June 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Bone marrow transplantation has advanced significantly since 1957, improving understanding of hematopoietic stem cells, immune responses, and transplant antigens. Ongoing research continues to address remaining challenges in this field.

Keywords:
graft-vs.-hostgraft-vs.-tumourhistocompatibilityimmunosuppressiontransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Biology

Background:

  • Clinical bone marrow transplantation (BMT) began in 1957 with limited knowledge of fundamental biological processes.
  • Key areas of limited understanding included hematopoietic stem cells, immune responses to transplants, and transplant antigen identification.

Observation:

  • The period between 1957 and 1992 saw substantial knowledge gains in these core areas.
  • Significant progress in clinical BMT applications was achieved, alongside identification of persistent research obstacles.

Findings:

  • Between 1992 and 2019, further advancements were made in understanding BMT.
  • Despite progress, specific challenges and knowledge gaps persist in the field of bone marrow transplantation.

Implications:

  • Continued research is crucial to overcome existing barriers in BMT.
  • Enhanced understanding of stem cells, immunity, and antigens will drive future clinical success in transplantation.