Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026
08:39
Electroporation of Functional Bacterial Effectors into Mammalian Cells
Published on: January 19, 2015
10.5K
Conceptual Approaches to Modulating Antibody Effector Functions and Circulation Half-Life
1Laboratory of Protein Expression, Departments of Surgery, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States.
Frontiers in Immunology
|June 25, 2019
Summary
Antibody hinge and constant domains are crucial for therapeutic efficacy. Optimizing these regions enhances antibody effector functions and circulation half-life for improved disease outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Biopharmaceutical development
- Immunology
- Structural biology
Background:
- Antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins are vital biologics for treating various diseases.
- Their functions include blocking interactions, signaling, cell recruitment, and complement fixation.
- Antibody hinge and constant domains are critical for effector functions and regulating circulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review concepts for optimizing antibody hinge and constant domains.
- To detail how these domains interact with host receptors and complement.
- To explain tuning these interactions for desired biological functions and disease outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Molecular and structural studies of antibody domains.
- Analysis of interactions between antibody domains and host receptors/complement C1q.
- Review of sequence and glycosylation manipulation strategies.
Main Results:
- Hinge and constant domains mediate effector functions and circulation.
- Molecular details reveal how host receptors and C1q recognize these domains.
- Sequence and glycosylation modifications can enhance or reduce antibody functions.
Conclusions:
- Optimizing antibody hinge and constant domains is key to therapeutic success.
- Understanding domain interactions allows for tailored antibody engineering.
- Fine-tuning these interactions can lead to improved disease treatment strategies.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Functions of Life
23.9K
Human life is characterized by a variety of functions that are essential for survival and well-being. These functions include metabolism, movement, development, growth and reproduction.
Metabolism
The basic function of an organism is to consume energy and molecules in foods, convert some of it into fuel for movement, sustain body functions, and build and maintain body structures. There are two types of reactions that accomplish this: anabolism and catabolism.
Anabolism is the process whereby...
Metabolism
The basic function of an organism is to consume energy and molecules in foods, convert some of it into fuel for movement, sustain body functions, and build and maintain body structures. There are two types of reactions that accomplish this: anabolism and catabolism.
Anabolism is the process whereby...
23.9K
01:22Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems
198
Body:Bioavailability is a critical pharmacological concept that measures the extent and rate at which an active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety enters the systemic circulation, remaining unchanged. It's a pivotal factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety.The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) plays an essential role in drug development by categorizing drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. This classification aids in understanding drug...
198
02:42Half-life of a Reaction
38.8K
The half-life of a reaction (t1/2) is the time required for one-half of a given amount of reactant to be consumed. In each succeeding half-life, half of the remaining concentration of the reactant is consumed. For example, during the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, during the first half-life (from 0.00 hours to 6.00 hours), the concentration of H2O2 decreases from 1.000 M to 0.500 M. During the second half-life (from 6.00 hours to 12.00 hours), the concentration decreases from 0.500 M to...
38.8K
01:23Characteristics of Life
257.0K
Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their structure, function, development, interactions, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. The field's scope is extensive and divided into several specialized disciplines, such as anatomy, physiology, ethology, genetics, and many more. All living things share a few key traits, including cellular organization, heritable genetic material and the ability to adapt/evolve, metabolism to regulate energy needs, the...
257.0K
02:39The Angiosperm Life Cycle
72.2K
Plants have a life cycle split between two multicellular stages: a haploid stage—with cells containing one set of chromosomes—and a diploid stage—with cells containing two sets of chromosomes. The haploid stage is the gamete-producing gametophyte, and the diploid stage is the spore-producing sporophyte.
72.2K
02:40The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes
38.0K
The “tree of life” describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ancestor to all life on Earth. All other species radiate from this point, much like the branches of a tree. The numerous tips of these branches on the tree of life represent every living, or extant, species. Extinct species, which are species that no longer exist, can be found towards the center of the tree. Currently, these organisms, both...
38.0K