Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

17.7K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
17.7K
Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

6.1K
Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
6.1K
Pharmaceutical Equivalents01:26

Pharmaceutical Equivalents

189
As defined by regulatory standards, pharmaceutical equivalents require generic drug products to have identical dosage forms and chemically identical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). They must adhere to compendial or applicable standards for potency, content uniformity, disintegration times, and dissolution rates. In the case of modified-release dosage forms, variations in drug content are permissible as long as the delivered amount remains consistent with the innovator drug product.
189
Limiting Reactant02:27

Limiting Reactant

69.5K
The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in reality, the reactants are not always present in the stoichiometric amounts indicated by the balanced equation.
69.5K
The Number e as a Limit01:29

The Number e as a Limit

70
The number e is a fundamental constant in calculus, playing a central role in describing continuous change, particularly exponential growth. It is most naturally defined through its relationship with the natural logarithm, which is the inverse of the exponential function with base e. This relationship allows e to be characterized using basic principles of differentiation rather than as an arbitrary numerical constant.A key property of the natural logarithm function, ln x, is that its derivative...
70
Predicting Molecular Geometry02:27

Predicting Molecular Geometry

45.5K
VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries
45.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical validation of non-contact vital signs in an emergency department setting.

Frontiers in medical technology·2026
Same author

Reply to Siqueira-Batista and Gómez: Underscoring the importance of biosafety for the return of Martian samples.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Pharmacological countermeasures for long-duration space missions: addressing cardiovascular challenges and advancing space-adapted healthcare.

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·2025
Same author

Utilizing Martian samples for future planetary exploration-Characterizing hazards and resources.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Impact of near continuous low dose rate neutron irradiation on pregnancy outcomes in mice.

NPJ microgravity·2024
Same author

Characterizing dehydration in short-term spaceflight using evidence from Project Mercury.

NPJ microgravity·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
06:42

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Published on: March 3, 2017

10.0K

Limitations in predicting radiation-induced pharmaceutical instability during long-duration spaceflight.

Rebecca S Blue1,2, Jeffery C Chancellor3, Erik L Antonsen4,5

  • 11Aerospace Medicine and Vestibular Research Laboratory, The Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85054 USA.

NPJ Microgravity
|June 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Space radiation poses a risk to pharmaceutical stability during long-duration spaceflight. Further research is needed to ensure astronaut safety and develop effective space pharmacies for future exploration missions.

Keywords:
Clinical pharmacologyHealth careParticle physicsPharmacodynamicsPharmacokinetics

More Related Videos

Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography Micro-CT Imaging Method
09:11

Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography Micro-CT Imaging Method

Published on: October 27, 2020

6.1K
Author Spotlight: Improving Radiation Therapy Access with Radiation Planning Assistant
05:18

Author Spotlight: Improving Radiation Therapy Access with Radiation Planning Assistant

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
06:42

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Published on: March 3, 2017

10.0K
Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography Micro-CT Imaging Method
09:11

Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography Micro-CT Imaging Method

Published on: October 27, 2020

6.1K
Author Spotlight: Improving Radiation Therapy Access with Radiation Planning Assistant
05:18

Author Spotlight: Improving Radiation Therapy Access with Radiation Planning Assistant

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Space Medicine
  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Astrobiology

Background:

  • Astronaut safety is paramount for long-duration spaceflight beyond low-Earth orbit.
  • Current space missions rely on frequent resupply, limiting data on long-term pharmaceutical stability in space.
  • Understanding the impact of the space environment on medications is critical for future exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the risks of space radiation to pharmaceuticals during exploration spaceflight.
  • To identify current limitations in understanding drug stability in space.
  • To propose research directions for developing an effective space pharmacy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on pharmaceutical stability and space environment effects.
  • Risk assessment of space radiation on drug degradation.
  • Identification of research gaps and future study needs.

Main Results:

  • Space radiation poses a significant threat to the stability of pharmaceuticals.
  • Current knowledge regarding long-term drug stability in space is limited.
  • Dedicated research is required to address these limitations.

Conclusions:

  • The development of a robust space pharmacy is essential for future long-duration space missions.
  • Further investigation into radiation effects on drug stability is crucial.
  • Proactive research will ensure astronaut health and mission success.