Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection
Published on: April 12, 2024
Endoscopic resection for subepithelial lesions-pure endoscopic full-thickness resection and submucosal tunneling
Xiaocen Zhang1, Rani Modayil2, Theresa Criscitelli2
1Mount Sinai St. Luke's-West Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract:
Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) and submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) are the frontier of therapeutic endoscopic. These two methods rely on the skillset and equipment of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) while going beyond the boundaries of the gastrointestinal lumen. They are both representatives of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, with STER being a direct off-shoot of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). Both techniques are designed for the removal of gastrointestinal tumors originating from the muscularis propria but tend to be used in different organs and come with respective challenges. In this review we will go over the history, indication, technique and literature of these two techniques.
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