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Inter-Relations between Partner-Provided Support and Self-Efficacy: A Dyadic Longitudinal Analysis.

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  • 1Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

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In couples, stable self-efficacy and social support are linked. Higher self-efficacy in one partner predicts increased support from the other, supporting the cultivation hypothesis.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Sciences
  • Health Behavior

Background:

  • Social support and self-efficacy dynamics are crucial in relationships.
  • Existing research presents two hypotheses: the enabling hypothesis (support boosts self-efficacy) and the cultivation hypothesis (self-efficacy fosters support).
  • The time-lagged interplay between these factors within couples requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reciprocal, time-lagged relationships between social support provision and self-efficacy in heterosexual couples.
  • To differentiate between stable (trait-like) and time-varying (state-like) components of support and self-efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial involving 338 heterosexual couples.
  • Data collected over one year across six assessment points.
  • Physical activity-specific self-efficacy and provided support were reported by both partners; analyzed using actor-partner interdependence and random intercepts cross-lagged panel models.

Main Results:

  • No significant gender differences were observed in the support-self-efficacy relationship.
  • Stable levels of both support provision and self-efficacy were positively associated between partners.
  • Increased self-efficacy in one partner was a significant predictor of increased support provision from the other partner at a later time point.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the cultivation hypothesis, indicating that a partner's self-efficacy positively influences their willingness to provide support.
  • The enabling hypothesis was not supported, as support provision did not predict subsequent self-efficacy.
  • Stable individual differences in self-efficacy and support provision are interconnected within couples, while dynamic self-efficacy influences partner support.