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Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

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Bridged Nucleic Acids Reloaded.

Alfonso Soler-Bistué1, Angeles Zorreguieta2, Marcelo E Tolmasky3

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín 1650, Argentina. asoler@iib.unsam.edu.ar.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Second-generation bridged nucleic acids (BNA), such as BNANC, offer improved efficiency and lower toxicity compared to first-generation locked nucleic acids (LNA). Further research into BNANC and newer analogs promises advancements in oligonucleotide therapeutics and diagnostics.

Keywords:
CRISPRCas9antibiotic resistanceantisensebridged nucleic acidshematologic malignancieshypercholesterolemialocked nucleic acidsmyotonic dystrophyoligonucleotides

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Area of Science:

  • Nucleic Acid Chemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Oligonucleotides are crucial for research, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
  • Nucleotide analogs enhance oligonucleotide properties like efficiency, bioavailability, and stability.
  • First-generation bridged nucleic acids (BNA), or locked nucleic acids (LNA), are widely used but have limitations in toxicity and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate second-generation BNA, specifically BNANC (2'-O,4'-aminoethylene bridged nucleic acid).
  • To compare the performance of BNANC-containing oligomers with existing LNA-based compounds.
  • To highlight the potential of BNANC and future BNA analogs in advancing oligonucleotide applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and incorporation of BNANC analogs into oligonucleotide chains.
  • Comparative analysis of BNANC-containing oligomers versus LNA-containing compounds.
  • Evaluation of key parameters including toxicity, specificity, efficiency, bioavailability, and stability.

Main Results:

  • Oligomers containing BNANC analogs demonstrated reduced toxicity compared to LNA-based compounds.
  • In certain cases, BNANC-containing oligomers exhibited enhanced specificity.
  • Promising results suggest potential for broader applications of BNANC.

Conclusions:

  • Second-generation BNANC represents a significant improvement over first-generation LNA, particularly regarding toxicity and specificity.
  • Further investigation and application of BNANC are warranted.
  • Emerging BNA compounds hold substantial promise for the future of oligonucleotide-based research and applications.