Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Patient-derived Heterogeneous Xenograft Model of Pancreatic Cancer Using Zebrafish Larvae as Hosts for Comparative Drug Assessment
Published on: April 30, 2019
Immune Status of Pancreatic Cancer Patients Receiving Cryosurgery
Vladimir M Zemskov1,2, Konstantin N Pronko3, Dmitrii A Ionkin4
1A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 117997, Russia. arturrego@yandex.ru.
Abstract:
Cryosurgery used on patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer improved their quality of life, but mainly because of the pain relief. In postoperative patients, multifaceted changes in immunity were found, and the state of the immune system prior to surgery often was a decisive factor to indicate whether further disorders in the postoperative period would develop, or by contrast, it would boost its recovery. Some patients receiving cryosurgery showed immune system imbalance and activation, and of antitumor immunity in particular. It has been suggested that the advisability of immunotropic therapy for specific treatment algorithms should be predicted or the therapy should be suspended at some pathologic stage, and this has been immunologically confirmed. Cryosurgery should be considered as a reasonable alternative to the existing types of surgery for pancreatic cancer or as an essential component of multimodal therapy, consisting of topical cryosurgery, chemotherapy, and immunotropic therapy, to boost antitumor immunity and to discontinue cytoreductive therapy due to its toxic effects.
Related Concept Videos
Receiver Operating Characteristic Plot
What is the Immune System?
Marcia's Theory of Identity Status
Humoral Immune Responses
Pancreatic Juice and Secretion
When acidic chyme from the stomach enters the duodenum, it triggers the release of secretin, a hormone that prompts pancreatic juice secretion. After a fatty meal, cholecystokinin, another hormone, stimulates gallbladder contraction and enhances enzyme-rich...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

