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Related Concept Videos

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
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The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
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Multiple sclerosis and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ye Hong1, Huai Rong Tang2, Mengmeng Ma1

  • 1Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wainan Guoxue Xiang #37, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.

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People with multiple sclerosis (MS) face a significantly higher risk of stroke, especially ischemic stroke. Early intervention is crucial for managing this increased risk and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Ischemic strokeMultiple sclerosisPreventionStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) and stroke are leading causes of global mortality and disability.
  • The association between MS and stroke risk is not well-established.
  • Effective stroke prevention and treatment strategies exist, highlighting the need to understand MS-related risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and quantify the risk of stroke in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.
  • To synthesize findings from existing studies to inform clinical practice and patient care.
  • To provide preliminary conclusions on the relationship between MS and stroke incidence.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CBM, CNKI, VIP) from 1983 to 2017.
  • Nine eligible studies involving over 380,000 participants were included in the meta-analysis.
  • Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Review Manager 5.3, with heterogeneity and bias analyses performed.

Main Results:

  • Patients with MS demonstrated a significantly increased risk of any stroke type (1-year RR=3.48, 10-13-year RR=2.45).
  • The overall prevalence of stroke in the MS population was higher compared to general veteran and general populations (RR=2.00 and RR=2.93, respectively).
  • Ischemic stroke risk was notably elevated in individuals with MS (RR=6.09).

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with multiple sclerosis exhibit a heightened risk for all stroke types, particularly ischemic stroke, when compared to the general population.
  • This increased risk was consistent across different sexes and age demographics.
  • Earlier implementation of preventative measures and therapeutic interventions is recommended to enhance patient outcomes in MS.