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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Therapeutic Index

Therapeutic Index

The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...

RNA Stability

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

RNA Structure

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Computational Pipeline for Analyzing Chimeric Noncoding RNA-Target RNA Interactions in High-Throughput Sequencing Data

Author Spotlight: A Computational Pipeline for Analyzing Chimeric Noncoding RNA-Target RNA Interactions in High-Throughput Sequencing Data

Published on: December 1, 2023

Epigenetics and noncoding RNA: Recent developments and future therapeutic opportunities.

David C Henshall¹

¹Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland.

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society

|June 26, 2019

Summary

Epigenetics and noncoding RNAs regulate gene expression in epilepsy. Modulating these epigenetic mechanisms offers promising new therapeutic strategies for reducing brain excitability and developing novel epilepsy treatments.

Keywords:

Antisense oligonucleotides DNA methylation Epileptogenesis Gene therapy Hippocampal sclerosis Histone post-translational modification Noncoding RNA

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Author Spotlight: A Computational Pipeline for Analyzing Chimeric Noncoding RNA-Target RNA Interactions in High-Throughput Sequencing Data

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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR

Published on: March 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Epilepsy involves gene expression dysregulation in the brain.
Epigenetic processes, including DNA/histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, control genome accessibility.
Understanding these mechanisms is key for developing disease-modifying therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review epigenetic processes in epilepsy.
To examine altered epigenetic mechanisms and mutations in epilepsy models and humans.
To evaluate RNA-based epigenetic therapies for epilepsy.

Main Methods:

Review of epigenetic processes (DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNAs).
Analysis of studies on epigenetic alterations in epilepsy.
Assessment of preclinical studies using epigenetic manipulation and RNA therapies.

Main Results:

Epigenetic dysregulation and mutations are implicated in epilepsy.
Epigenetic manipulation shows potential in preclinical models for neuroprotection and seizure reduction.
RNA therapies are emerging as a focus for epilepsy treatment.

Conclusions:

Epigenetics and non-coding RNAs are crucial for modulating brain excitability.
These mechanisms offer insights into epilepsy pathophysiology, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets.
Future research holds promise for epigenetic-based therapies for epilepsy.